From my friend, Poet Jonathan Tucker.

Reblogged from thisthatSAID:

Exploring media ownership in the media literacy classroom may seem like an intuitive, natural and regular practice. This is not always the case, however. Even I admit that I have avoided this topic in the past.

Why would an advocate for media literacy, a teacher, avoid discussing media ownership in the classroom?

Well, perhaps that’s because media ownership is political, and is therefore somewhat controversial.  Particularly for media literacy programs and youth media programs that are funded by media corporations, it may be a conflict of interest to discuss media ownership in any critical way. Remember when Comcast threatened to stop funding Reel Grrls last year?

Other educators might shy away from it because they think the issue is too complicated for young people understand. Or that students will be apathetic. After all this is an argument that big media owners make — that consumers care about content, not who owns it.

But for me, there was a lot about media ownership I did not understand myself. And this is what made me avoid delving into the subject, in a meaningful way (beyond the surface). When I began to learn about media literacy, as a theory and practice, I focused on pedagogy, rationale and issues such as representation. When it came to analyzing media, I often focused on the message.  Although considering the author was part of this process, media ownership as a subject was not a priority.

David Buckingham writes about the importance of contextual analysis (as opposed to textual analysis) in his book Media Education: Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture.    He asserts that unpacking the “economic and institutional contexts of media production” allow for a more “sophisticated approach” to media literacy. (p.122)

I read that book in graduate school. But it was not until earlier this year, when one of my mentors (a youth media educator in Rhode Island), encouraged me to integrate media ownership into my curriculum in a more intentional way, that I heeded this advice.

I first integrated this subject in a youth media after-school program. Then I expanded the curriculum and brought it into a media literacy elective course I teach to 11th graders at an African-Centered school in Philadelphia. With the elective I had more time, so I was able to spend about 5 days (45 minute classes) on this subject. We began looking at media ownership early on in the course.

I began by assessing what they already knew about media ownership. I then introduced students to the Big Six, the six media corporations that own the majority of media in the U.S.  I used a tagline from Viacom’s website as an entry point for students to discuss the advantages and characteristics of a big media corporation.

“Our brands engage, empower, and connect across every platform.” – Viacom

After presenting the Big Six and identifying exactly what they own, I  introduced the concept of cross-media ownership.  I used this video about The Fray (band)  to highlight the benefits of cross media ownership.

After discussing that clip, we turned to this comic of cross media ownership.  What is the message here? I asked.

Many students didn’t know what to make of this at first — and there were several interpretations. But finally students came to a consensus that the comic is indeed a critique of cross media ownership. This comic allowed us to also talk about satire, news worthiness, media concentration and various forms of media (print, tv, radio, etc.) It also connected to a reading they would have that night about media ownership and its effect on diversity.

Another text I used was a montage of news clips about deregulation. This video in particular provides common arguments in support of big media industry.  

The unit ended with a class debate about government regulation of media. The debate was lively; it was a mock FCC hearing. One side (Big Media) argued for deregulation and the other side argued for increased government regulation.

From this experience I’ve come to believe that young people need to know about media ownership. If we leave out these conversations, we are sending a message to them loud and clear– media ownership does not matter.

And is this the message we want to send young media makers? That media ownership does not matter? How will this message help or hinder their critical thinking about media?

Teaching media ownership has forced me to step up my game. I still have a lot to learn — but I won’t shy away from this topic anymore. I believe media ownership matters and it is time for me to take responsibility and overcome my own insecurities so that I can better serve my students and better advocate for critical media literacy.

In this conversation, we consider key media literacy questions about this piece:
Who is the AUTHOR and TARGET AUDIENCE?
What is the MESSAGE?
How might different audiences INTERPRET this message?
What TECHNIQUES are used to attract audience attention?
In what CONTEXT does this message exist?
What are the EFFECTS? (i.e. who benefits or is harmed by this message?)

We also ask– is this music video an effective attempt at SATIRE?

If you would like to hear artist Chapter’s commentary about her piece, see here:
http://www.rightthisminute.com/story/its-free-swipe-yo-ebt

Chapter’s PR Rep responded to FAAN’s interview request with this message:

“Chapter is an College Educated young woman. I reviewed your FAAN Mail Project -I found it to be misleadng being that you never had any reseach done about Chapter background, nor have you took the time to read the above post- The music video “It’s Free Swipe Yo EBT is Satire Chapter is playing a role in her music video-Keywanda. Please look over her web-site http://www.chaptersworld.tv she has also been on the news NBC ABC – please look under news on her web-site to gather facts about the artist. Please also watch her interview. Chapter is from South Central Ca, her mother was a Welfare Queen, she was abused as a child. Her mission is in her music.”

Join the conversation by leaving a comment under the video on youtube or on the FAAN Mail’s facebook page.

I called the meeting with a lighthearted tone to convey that no one was in trouble, nor were the men in the class “missing out.”

“We need to have a talk about confidence,” I ended up blurting out when a few men were lingering behind, clearly suspicious or curious about this exclusive conversation.

Quickly about 15 young women were facing me, with their bags and backpacks, ready to go. Class was over and I needed to speak quickly. It went something like this:

“Okay, I have been teaching this class for seven semesters now and I often hear women in this class say things like “I cant do this.. I don’t know how to do this.. I am so bad at this” particularly when it comes to using video equipment and technology. I don’t hear the men in the class saying these things. Why is it the women who say this?

When I ask for volunteers to help with something in the studio, it’s usually the guys who jump up to help. Well unless, I’m asking for volunteers to go in front of the camera! [I grinned, there was laughter among students here.] But why aren’t the women standing up to volunteer other times?

Now, I have had women students in the past express that men in their production groups are taking over, not listening to them, controlling the projects. We absolutely need to challenge that. But we also need to challenge this self-doubt and have confidence in our abilities as media makers.

We are working and learning in a media industry that is dominated by men.  Even in higher education this is an issue. How many women teach production in our department?  Certainly, we do need to address that and challenge that as well. But what message do we send about this if we are often opting out and putting ourselves down?

So I’m asking you to pay attention to the next time you hear yourself saying “I can’t do this” and just – try to stop.  I’m also asking you to hold each other accountable and encourage each other when we do feel less confident. You are here to learn and it is okay if you mess up, just try because you all are capable and have important media to make.”

Students were looking at each other at this point, nodding. Some looked very serious and pensive, while others were smiling.  A couple of them shouted “yeah! that’s right!” In this moment I sensed solidarity. My students left that little powwow with some new energy.

Later that day someone shared an article with me called “How to Talk to Little Girls” where author Lisa Bloom asserts that “Teaching girls that their appearance is the first thing you notice tells them that looks are more important than anything.” Perhaps this is one factor that can help explain why so many of my (college) female students are quick to volunteer as “talent” to be looked at on camera, but consistently doubt their abilities in other aspects of production.

I’m not sure if my meeting after class was the best response (I think a real dialogue about the implications of this behavior would have been more helpful).  I do know that some form of interruption was necessary, however. There was a teachable moment there and I didn’t want to let it go. We’ll see what unfolds in the months to come.

Troy Davis is a black man from Georgia who is scheduled to be executed on September 21st.  Controversy around his case has galvanized people across the U.S. to demand a new trial.

Davis was convicted in 1991 of murdering a police officer in Georgia.  The trial was based all on witness testimony, but since then, seven of nine witnesses have retracted their testimony against him, and two other witnesses have implicated another individual as the murderer.

According to Amnesty International, next week the Georgia Board of Pardons & Paroles “will hold a final clemency hearing – a final chance to prevent Troy Davis from being executed.”

A movement against the execution of Troy Davis is growing and on Friday, September 16, people in cities across the US demonstrated. Above is some footage I shot at yesterday’s rally in Philadelphia.

To get involved, contact:
Gov. Deal of Georgia: 404-656-1776
State Board of Pardons and Paroles:  404-656-5651
Sign Amnesty International’s Online Petition

Rally pictures courtesy of Iresha Picot.

Yesterday we met and she suggested writing informally, like in a journal or… BLOG! Okay, there’s my format! I’ll be using this blog to share some reflections on teaching moving forward. I would like to commit to building on at least ONE of them this year (2011, Nuala!) to submit to a journal.

For now I’ll post some videos from a summer program called the REEL Film Experience, “where youth/FILM/learning intersect for positive change.” Teaching there for six weeks this summer was probably the most exciting and meaningful teaching experience I have had so far.

These videos are from media literacy lessons where we explored stereotypes around gender and race through work by author Joan Morgan, rap artists Public Enemy and filmmakers Spike Lee and Byron Hurt.

Despite the fact that it felt like 150 degrees outside (for real), 40 people came to the event to engage in constructive, candid and thoughtful dialogue about street harassment, self-esteem, inter-sectionality and action.

Not long ago I plugged into this movement via social media, after making the short film Walking Home. Last night this movement became even more real to me.

The event reminded me of the value in face to face interaction, collaboration, diversity and solidarity, when working towards social change.

The panel event was part of author Van Deven’s “Hey Shorty” book tour  and took place at the Wooden Shoe Bookstore in South Philadelphia. Here are links for background information about the co-presenters:

• Mandy Van Deven, co-author of Hey, Shorty!: A Guide to Combating Sexual Harassment and Violence in Schools and on the Streets. 
• Holly Kearl, author of Stop Street Harassment
• Rochelle Keyhan, Director and Founder of Hollaback! Philly

A special thanks to Hollaback! Philly research assistant Elizabeth Welsh, who live tweeted the entire event.  I’m pasting everything she tweeted below.

** Welcome to the live-tweet of our anti street harassment panel! We’ll be getting started in just a minute.
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Introductions! @mandyvandeven @nualacabral @hollabackphilly and @hkearl are all here with us.
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@mandyvandeven is telling us about getting involved with Girls for Gender Equity in Brooklyn: ggenyc.org
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It quickly became clear to Mandy and to ggenyc.org that sexual harassment is rampant in kids’ lives – and seldom gets talked about.
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Moving on to @hkearl talking about her street harassment experiences, starting as a 14-year-old runner
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Many women end up altering the activities they choose to participate in in an effort to avoid street harassment
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This is why Holly frames it as a quality of life issue. Discovering the term “street harassment” led her to begin speaking out.
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32% of women choose outfits that will attract less attention on a monthly basis – planning for street harassment before leaving the house!
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45% of women avoid being out after dark on a monthly basis – what does this mean we’re missing out on? Classes, socializing, campaigning…
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1 in 5 women have moved to a different neighborhood; 1 in 10 have changed jobs/commute in an effort to avoid street harassment.
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Street harassment negatively affects men who are not harassers – women are often wary of interacting with them.
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Holly’s tips for helping to stop street harassment: Share your story, end the silence!
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Sharing our stories breaks down stereotypes about who gets harassed and helps increase solidarity with other women (and men!).
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Some women have had success asking harassers to repeat themselves, or repeating harassers’ words back to them, loudly, if in a crowded place
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Turning it around like this often embarrasses harassers by emphasizing how stupid they sound.
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If someone is harassing on the job, complaining to the parent company can lead to great results!
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Bystanders can also reach out to victims, asking “Are you okay?”
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The Young Women’s Action Team fought neighborhood street harassment by alerting business owners where groups of men were loitering outside.
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Neighborhood business owners banded together to create respect zones and not tolerate loiterers (who were also bad for business!)
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More on the Young Women’s Action Network in Chicago: http://t.co/MCl17ly They harnessed the power of data, no matter how informal.
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You can see more from Holly at her website: stopstreetharassment.org
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We’re up now! Hollaback! is everywhere! Because, unfortunately, street harassment is everywhere.
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We encourage you to report street harassment: philly.ihollaback.org Young Women’s Action Network showed what a difference data can make.
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Don’t forget, all reports submitted to our website are anonymous. Build solidarity between people who want to walk the street unharassed.
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We’re also working for LGBTQ people, who also unfortunately get harassed.
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Next up: Local filmmaker and activist @nualacabral. While living in Brooklyn she bumped up against street harassment on a daily basis.
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Check out Nuala’s Walking Home: vimeo.com/user1897188 
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When Nuala put her film on YouTube, it connected her with a movement that was even more empowering than creating the film.
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Nuala: “Those moments of being street harassed feel really lonely and disempowering.”
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Now we are opening up for questions. Please @ us with any questions you’d like to ask!
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Question about addressing street harassment with school kids. Nuala: Too much victim-blaming from both boys and girls. Also: Responsibility.
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Nuala: “If we care enough to want change, we need to think about responsibility and what we’re going to do to make change.”
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International Stop Street Harassment day is the first day of spring – March 20th.
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This year it will be Anti-Street Harassment Week, by popular demand!
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Mandy: “Girls for Gender Equity wrote Hey Shorty! as a way for other organizations to see our growth thru failures as well as successes!”
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GGE grew over 9 years. This is NOT a rule-book, but suggestions for other organizations. http://www.feministpress.org/books/girls-gender-equity-gge/hey-shorty
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A question now from the Anti-Violence Partnership of Philadelphia avpphila.org
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We’re saying: Queer and trans folks tend to get harassed not only sexually, but also with words involving more violence.
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Holly: Street harassment of trans women tends to often be about gender policing, and is threatening to men who think they’re very masculine.
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Us: Our official stance is not to differentiate between race or class – everyone harasses.
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Holly: Most harassment is same-race, especially the more severe forms. There needs to be education around what constitutes harassment.
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Mandy: The emphasis has been put on perception and not intent, and that’s wrong. Intent does matter – it’s racist/classist to say otherwise
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Mandy has written extensively on street harassment for Bitch Magazine: http://bitchmagazine.org/profile/mandy-van-deven
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Mandy advocates for street harassment to be addressed on a community level rather than by criminalizing it.
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Question: A favorite activity of K-2nd graders at the recess program I ran was standing by the fence and yelling at women on the street.
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Us: A lot of the time it’s about impressing other dudes more than interacting with women.
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Questioner: It started with the 2nd graders, and after a couple of weeks trickled down to the kindergartners.
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Mandy: In schools, a big problem is institutional support for addressing these things – Figuring out what the policies are, if they exist.
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Mandy: We talk about socialization as adults, but it’s process that starts as young people. An 8-year-old boy hollering at women on the street doesn’t even know what he’s looking at.
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@hkearl: I’ve actually started getting more questions from parents’ of 9- 10-year-olds. Anyone know any good resources?
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Questioner: This is a cultural problem, and people should be boycotting sexist/misogynist music I’d classify as hate speech.
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Questioner: I can’t understand how other males aren’t seeing this and don’t have empathy for this situation.
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Questioner: We need to teach men how to talk to women. I don’t want to hear about how my outfit makes me look sexy.
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Questioner 2: I think there are a lot of men out there who think that’s the way you talk to a women.
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Holly: Sexualization from a young age makes this seem normal.
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There’s a whole section on Holly’s website for and by men: stopstreetharassment.org/male-allies/
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Nuala: Guys say things like, 2 out of 25 women will respond, so I’ll still yell at the other 23.
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Nuala: In order to reach men, I’ll also talk to women. We need to be clear about the distinction between a complement and harassment.
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Nuala: No women wants to get harassed, but some women and girls like getting attention. Those are the girls these guys are trying to reach.
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A lot of @nualacabral’s work with young girls involves building self-esteem when talking about street harassment.
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Nuala: For some girls, their body is the only thing they get complemented on. We need to address that.
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Nuala has gotten a lot of pushback from her video because it shows men of color. As a woman of color, she wanted to break the silence.
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Nuala: We have to acknowledge that there are some complexities there. You have to be sensitive, but it’s a fine line to be neutral.
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Nuala: If you look at the media, the bodies of women of color are more consistently exploited.
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Nuala’s recent blog post about a NYC newsstand that illustrates the problem “All black booties, all white faces.” http://nualacabral.wordpress.com/2011/05/23/the-news-stand/
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Nuala: “It’s just more acceptable for certain women to be degraded.” Questioner: “It’s not acceptable, it’s normal.” Nuala: “Normalized.”
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Nuala: “I like that you also brought up the self-esteem of a man, especially for men of color. We know that oppression breeds oppression.”
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Holly: “For some men it’s about oppression, for others it’s because some men feel so entitled.”
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Holly: “My research has shown that black women are more likely to be approached as prostitutes. It’s this history of exploitation.”
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Questioner: Men and women are taught that the only relationships we can have are sexual or more, that we can’t have friendships.
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Questioner: A lot of men can’t relate to women as another human being, a person with morals and goals and a future.
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Mandy: For any kind of change to happen, there has to be an education piece on the larger framework of sexual violence in our culture.
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Mandy: We have this impression in our minds of how violence happens and who the victims are, but it’s completely separate from reality.
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Us: If you don’t have a smartphone, you can submit via email, or by texting to our email address, or manually uploading on the website.
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Questioner: Why are women okay on the streets of certain international large cities, but not here?
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Holly: My theory is that street harassment is less likely in countries with more gender equality.
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Questioner: I thought in those other countries women are treated with more respect. Us: More, but it’s not perfect.
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Questioner: There were a number of women in the black revolution movement who acted out strongly against sexual harassers.
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Questioner: Women are getting hurt because of harassment. Are you aware of any men who have been hurt as a result of being harassers?
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Mandy: I know there are a lot of women who are in prison for killing domestic abusers and rapists…
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Mandy: There’s very little documentation of violence in response to street harassment, but that would be interesting.
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Questioner: I struggle with the polarity between public accountability and shaming. I dreamed of putting up flyers about the same man who was harassing me all the time, but could never go through with it.
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Questioner: Do you think public shaming has a place in this movement, or is that counterproductive?
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Us: Even imagining what you would have said and done can be theraputic, even knowing that you never would have done it.
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Us: Psychologically, it’s really helpful for women to know there are other people thinking about and struggling with the same thing.
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Holly: People in DC banded together to say “Stop harassing women” to one man who was always in the same place. A lot of these harassers are repeat harassers who always stand in the same place. It’s not very many men.
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Mandy: The anthology “The Revolution Starts at Home” has a lot of suggestions for community-based steps to take toward accountability without shame http://www.southendpress.org/2010/items/87941
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Questioner : How does sexual harassment compare with harassment of other groups, like Muslims, especially right now.
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Mandy: The way all groups are affected creates potential to reach across boundaries, but I don’t think they’re all the same.
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Mandy: The manifestation, function, and social acceptability greatly vary. It’s dangerous to say that they’re the same.
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Holly: Women of all backgrounds who took my survey felt harassed because they were female; men mentioned all the other factors first.
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Questioner: The economic impact on women’s lives is amazing! Imagine if it were something men had to deal with. What areas are under-researched?
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Holly: That’s why we need to capture that data, because then we have some idea of what we can do.
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And it’s a wrap! Many thanks to @mandyvandeven @nualacabral @hkearl @hollabackphilly and of course to YOU for coming along with us!

NYC Newsstand, April 30, 2011

What do you notice about this photograph of a news -stand at the 34th St Subway platform in NYC?

Have you seen this type of display before?

When I lived in NYC three years ago I walked by news stands like this on a daily basis. Recently while visiting NYC, I walked by this newsstand and  took this photograph.

The other night I showed the picture to my friends and asked what they noticed.

It was a media literacy moment, FAAN Mail style. Here’s some video of the conversation:

What do I notice?

I notice a typical NYC newsstand.   And as I point out in our discussion, I notice a discrepancy between the way white women and black women are represented. To put it bluntly, I see lots of white faces and lots of black booties.

BlackandBrownNews.com (BBN), an award-winning digital news and information distributor, did a fascinating news story  about this in 2009 titled  “New York City Newsstand Vendors: Exploiting Some, Protecting Others”:

We found shopkeepers – many of them people of color – who exploited the images of Black and Latino women while going to great lengths to protect the image of White women on like magazine covers.

This news story led to a campaign and according to the Founder, legislation is now on the table.  I’ll come back to this later.

In addition to observations around representation when looking at this photograph, my friends and I discussed the question of impact. We wondered what we learn from these images. How do we interpret these spectacles (when we do notice them)?

The little boy holding his lunch box, the teenage boys with their book bags, the grown man who is my boss, what do they think when they see this? What does this teach them?

The black girls out there… the teenage sister who is looking for validation, excited to hear someone call her sexy as if it is the only compliment that matters… and perhaps the only compliment she hears on a regular basis. What does she learn from this?

The men who shout, grab and follow…. the ones who throw epithets and glass bottles when their cat calls are ignored… Do they notice the newsstand?   What does it teach them and the men who silently look upon them?

Connections

Street harassment has often made me feel like I am on display…. humanity stripped,  objectified. I remember feeling that way and then walking passed newsstands not much different than this one.  Including a shot of a magazine display in Walking Home, my film about street harassment, was an effort to make this connection visible.

But this connection goes beyond how I personally feel. There is a connection that speaks to our history. This newsstand may appear insignificant, but it is symbolic of a history that is still unfolding, where black and brown women in particular experience a unique form of normalized sexual exploitation and violence, one that is colored by sexism and racism.  It is symbolic of a history where black women go missing and so does the media coverage about their disappearance. A history where black women have been viewed as “unrapable,” where joking about sexual violence in song lyrics is  interpreted as “funny” or “shocking,” but ultimately accepted as pure entertainment by audiences and journalists alike.

It is also a history where men and women have recognized our value and worth and fought to resist this, break the silence and heal themselves and each other.

Then and Now

bell hooks and other scholars have argued that the dehumanization of black and brown men and women’s bodies has been used to justify and reinforce the oppression of black and brown people. In Black Sexual Politics, author Patricia Hill Collins explains:

“For both women and men, Western social thought associates Blackness with an imagined uncivilized, wild sexuality and uses this association as one lynchpin of racial difference. Whether depicted as “freaks” of nature or as being the essence of nature itself, savage, untamed sexuality characterizes Western representations of women and men of African descent.”

It is this narrative that helps explain why it was once acceptable for a black woman named Saartjie Baartman aka the “Hottentot Venus” to be caged, scrutinized and demonized at European Freak Shows. And it is this narrative that helps explain why newsstands like the one above exist all over NYC.

So what do we do with this newsstand, this  symbol?

I wonder how Saartjie Baartman would answer that question.

Let me suggest that we notice it, seek to understand its implications and impact and talk about it.  And then– if we care– we can act.

To all of those arguments that blame women and black women specifically for choosing to objectify themselves (you know, the whole “well she CHOSE to be in that video, magazine, party flyer, etc.”) this newsstand illuminates a reality that those arguments often overlook. Rather than simply blaming women who make those choices, we should be asking in what context are women making those choices?

And for the black women who adamantly distinguish themselves from “those women” and argue that they are not affected by these representations,  I want to know what they think of this newsstand as a symbol. Is there still a disconnect? Or is there a reason to pay attention?

I am curious about the action steps outlined by Black and Brown News which asserts the following:

New York City newsstands are licensed by city government and they are also bound to law. According to New York Penal Code Penal Law Sections:

–245.10 Public display of offensive sexual material is defined as showing of the female genitals, pubic area or buttocks with less than a full opaque covering, or the showing of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of any portion thereof below the top of the nipple.

–245.11 And a person is guilty of public display of offensive sexual material when he with knowledge of its character and content he displays or permits to be displayed in or on any window, showcase, newsstand, display rack, wall, door, billboard, display board, viewing screen, moving picture screen, marquee or similar place, in such manner that the display is easily visible from or in any: public street, sidewalk or thoroughfare; transportation facility; or any place accessible to members of the public without fee or other limit or condition of admission such as a minimum age requirement.

If you notice or think that a newsstand is in violation, please take the time to contact the appropriate authorities.

Apparently it is possible to report violations to NYC City Officials who can hold vendors accountable.  Of course as BBN has mentioned, enforcement has been an issue.

Let’s keep this conversation going. What are your thoughts? Is this an opportunity for dialogue? action? Where do we take this?